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U.S. Civics Test for Naturalization: How to Study and Pass

The U.S. civics test is a required component of the naturalization interview. USCIS officers ask applicants up to 10 questions from a standardized list of 100 civics questions about American history and government. You need to answer at least 6 correctly to pass. Here is everything you need to know to prepare.

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How the Test Works

During your naturalization interview, the USCIS officer will ask you up to 10 of the 100 official civics questions. You must answer at least 6 correctly to pass. The questions are asked orally, the officer asks in English and you answer in English (unless you qualify for an exception). If you fail the civics test on your first attempt, you get one more chance at a second interview scheduled within 60 to 90 days.

The 100 Official Questions

USCIS publishes all 100 civics questions and answers on its website. Topics include: the principles of American democracy, the system of government (three branches, checks and balances), U.S. history (colonial period, Civil War, 20th century), rights and responsibilities of citizens, and geography (states, capitals, bordering countries and oceans).

High-Frequency Questions to Know Cold

Certain questions appear more often or are particularly important: What is the supreme law of the land? (The Constitution.) What do we call the first ten amendments? (The Bill of Rights.) What are the two major political parties in the U.S.? (Democratic and Republican.) Who is the President? (Know the current president on your exam date.) How many senators does each state have? (Two.) What ocean is on the East Coast? (The Atlantic Ocean.)

Study Methods That Work

The most effective study approach: (1) download the USCIS flashcard app or use free online flashcard sets, (2) practice daily for 15 minutes rather than cramming, (3) watch the USCIS civics test preparation videos on YouTube, (4) take timed practice quizzes to simulate exam conditions, (5) ask a family member or friend to quiz you using the official question list.

Exemptions and Accommodations

Applicants 65 or older who have held a Green Card for at least 20 years take a shorter 'easier' version of the civics test (marked with an asterisk in the official list, only 20 questions to study). Applicants with qualifying physical or developmental disabilities or mental impairment can seek a medical exception to the civics test via Form N-648.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Are the questions always the same?

The 100 questions are standardized, but the officer chooses which 10 to ask. Some questions have answers that change over time, such as the name of the current President or the number of representatives, so check for updates before your interview.

Can I answer in Spanish or Portuguese?

No, unless you qualify for an English-language exception (the 50/20 or 55/15 rule). The test is conducted in English for most applicants.

What if I fail the civics test?

You get one retake within 60 to 90 days. You are only tested on the failed components (civics or English), not the entire application again.

Is there a study guide from USCIS?

Yes. USCIS provides a free study guide, flashcards, practice test tools, and video series at uscis.gov/citizenship/find-study-materials-and-resources.

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